Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Police Brutality Is A Big Problem, Not Only In The Usa,
Police brutality is a big problem, not only in the USA, but also around the world. There have been lots of effort to change this, from police departments to governments, to communities. One such effort has been the addition of body-worn cameras to the uniforms of police officers, in order to enforce accountability. This makes it so that, if there were a controversial case questioning whether the force displayed by an officer was warranted or not, there would be a video of the encounter, which is often more reliable evidence than the word of an officer or civilian. Despite the cost, mandating body-worn cameras for on-duty officers would benefit everyone involved, since there would be far less room for false or inaccurate claims made byâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Several studies, such as those done by Barak Ariel, et al. have demonstrated a very strong connection between the use of body-worn cameras and reduction of complaints (Ariel et al., ââ¬Å"The Effectâ⬠) (Ariel, et al., ââ¬Å"Contagious...â⬠). There is also an argument to be made for the relationship between the police and their communities. If the departments invest in things that make the public feel safer, such as body-worn cameras, then they will in turn be safer, as their communities will not feel threatened by their presence, but protected. There is also the other side of accountability. The use of body-worn cameras on police officers will enforce accountability for civilians as well. Being on camera, citizens will be motivated to behave more cooperatively, since any wrongdoing they commit will be instantaneously recorded. When ââ¬Å"socially and morally unacceptable acts are less likely to occurâ⬠(Ariel et al., ââ¬Å"The Effectâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ 511). This is evident in studies that have been conducted. Studies demonstrate that the use of body-worn cameras significantly reduce any kind of force used by police officers during civilian encounters. Conjointly, police wearing body-wor n cameras also significantly reduce citizen noncompliance during civilian encounters (Ariel et al., ââ¬Å"The Effectâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ 510). These findings strongly suggest that although many think that body-worn cameras are only effective for motivatedShow MoreRelatedPolice Enforcement And The Minority Community Essay1697 Words à |à 7 PagesThe power of authority allowed police officers to use brutality on many people, which turned out to be a problem to many Americans. Why do officerââ¬â¢s do this? It is still an unanswered question. The police in general have a bad scheme against the non-police officers and are more suspicious of minorities assuming that they are troublemakers and deserve to be brutally hurt than to be brought to justice. In addition, the United States court systems are backing up the police officers and showing brilliantRead MoreWhere Is The Love?1563 Words à |à 7 Pages one from 2003 and the other from 2016. I chose to analyze this artifact because of the social impact it created within the nation. The release of this song came at a time when no one wanted to talk about the problems that were facing the United States such as terrorism and police brutality. More importantly, the Black Eyed Peas used this song during this time of duress to start a conversationââ¬âa conversation the nation as a whole refused to acknowledge. The Black Eyed Peas are made up of four primaryRead MoreRacial Profiling And Law Enforcement1770 Words à |à 8 Pagescommonly defined as a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, ethnicity, religion or national originâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Racial Profilingâ⬠). Racial brutality tends to be an outcome of most racial profiling cases. Racial profiling will usually be most casually seen in traffic stops. Not only does racial profiling make police officers hypocrites for not protecting, and causing distress to, the society they sworn to abide to, but it also makes them breach the constitution of the UnitedRead MoreShould Professional Athletes Be Paid?1123 Words à |à 5 Pagesfield, or court with fans. The modern fans does not only keep up with their favorite teams, and see what moves they are making, but instead they keep up with their favorite players. They can follow all their public social platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, so they can f eel like they are a part of that athleteââ¬â¢s life every day. With the availability of a player to a fan like that it would be easy for a young person to see not only how well they are performing, but also what they didRead MoreCode For Accountability For Renegade Police Officers3236 Words à |à 13 Pagesfamily can call the police or use other means for protection. But what could a person do, be that man or a woman, if he/she is a victim of crime committed by law enforcement officers? Any resistance will only be met with further escalation of physical and emotional punishment in addition to criminal charges that will surely follow that person in courts. There is no use to cry for help because nobody has the authority to fight police. The channels for accountability for renegade police officers are limitedRead MorePolice Brutality : A Law Enforcement Officer4738 Words à |à 19 Pagesjust as bad as the drug dealers who sling dope on the corner. Police brutality is another big issue within law enforcement. At times police overuse the necessary amount of force that is needed and end up injuring and even at times killing another individual. These officers are also just as guilty as the ones that they have been placing under arrest. Police departments were began approximately 350 years ago, and the first police department was established in the city of Boston. As soon asRead MoreHow the Movies of the 1970ââ¬â¢s and 1980ââ¬â¢s Reflected Americaââ¬â¢s Mood and Culture1552 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe 1980ââ¬â¢s. Americans love to escape from our daily stress, and of all the products that allow us to do so, none is more popular than the movies. Movies are key cultural artifacts that offer a view of American culture and social history. They not only offer a snapshot of hair styles and fashions of the times but they also provide a host of insights into Americansââ¬â¢ ever-changing ideals. Like any cultural artifact, the movies can be approached in a number of ways. Cultural historians have treatedRead MoreData Storage, Retention, And Disclosure Essay1910 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe police departments that use these cameras use a third-party vendor in order to manage the storage of their data. Also t he length of time that a department decides to retain that footage can play a key role for privacy. The protocols for every department may vary. Video footages are usually categorized in two, ââ¬Å"evidentiaryâ⬠or non-evidentiaryâ⬠. Some departments may choose to retain one longer than the other. DOCUMENTATION OF EVIDENCE Police executives also believe that the police bodyRead MoreViolence And Culture : What Is A World Without Violence?2434 Words à |à 10 Pagescome to sight of acceptance. We as citizens of this American civilization are protected by the police, who are protected by the government, which in turn is a broken cycle of trust and protection in an us against them society. Is it safe to say the purpose of the American police and Sherriff department is to have a unique partnership with the community in accordance with the constitutional rights to not only provide a safe environment, preserve the peace but to also reduce the fear and enforce the lawsRead MoreMexican Cartels And Its Effects On America2267 Words à |à 10 Pagesof U.S. cities and analysts say they are moving to consolidate their control of the entire supply chain of illegals drugsâ⬠(Schwartz, 1). The government of the United States have been conducting the investigation to now if the cartels are north. Many big cities t oday have a piece of the cartel organization working there and also producing drugs to distribute within the city. According to the investigation done by the DEA and U.N officials ââ¬Å"Mexican cartels have established command - and - control centers
Monday, December 16, 2019
Cohesion policy good and bad practices Free Essays
Introduction: Lithuania (along with the other Baltics) is the success story of EIJ structural fund absorption. Bulgaria (along with Romania) is the worst performer. Lithuania has contracted projects for 87% (ââ¬Å¡Ã ¬6_4 billion) of available funds as of November 2012 and paid out 54% (ââ¬Å¡Ã ¬4 billion) to beneficiaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Cohesion policy good and bad practices or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bulgaria absorbed only ââ¬Å¡Ã ¬2 billion of an available ââ¬Å¡Ã ¬9. 5 billion between 2007 and 2011. Key factors affecting absorption capacity of structural funds: I _ Use of pre-accesslon funds 2 Political will 3. wealth/polltlcal legitimacy of regions . Human resources 5. Knowledge of available funds 6. corruption and transparency 7. r Is It Just a question of TIME (and size)? Bulgaria: Joined EU in 2007 having spent very little ot its pre-accession aid. Multiple corruption and transparency scandals: tunds are withheld and projects are delayed. Change ot government in July 2009 with creation ot new administrative units to handle structural funds. The quality of human resources is low in regional/municipal administrations: 4% speak English, the same people used for planning as for valuation, 201 1 sees improvements: 27 municipal information centres set up, number of prosecutions over misappropriation of funds increasing (but the absorption rate slightly lower than 2010). Lithuania: ELI member since May 2004. Population 3. 2 million compared to Bulgariaââ¬â¢s 7. 5 million. Flexible economy: experienced rapid growth before the 2009 crisis (with help of pre-accesslon fundsL and rebounded relatively quickly after huge contraction. In 2004-06 priority was accorded to spending EIJ money according to all rules and procedures. Start of 007-2013 programming period absorption rate was similar to EUIO average (approx. 45%) How to cite Cohesion policy good and bad practices, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Introduction to Human Resource Management for Negative Work
Question: Describe about the Introduction to Human Resource Management for Negative Work. Answer: Introduction: This study focuses on the impact of the negative work culture on the workers and significance of the human resource management (HRM) to overcome the negativity in working environment. It has been found that employees can get depressed if they face demotivation continuously; hence this study can help to understand the approaches, taken by HRM of an organization, to reduce the negative working culture. Human resource function: Human resource management synchronizes between different fields of a firm.It involves numerous strategic approach to maintain the coordination between employer and employees. On Staffing: Staffing is the primary requirement for any organization; thus, HRM must undergo scrutiny on the staffs and monitor their behavior, thinking and opinions as negativity from an employee can affect the entire team and their productivity (Hendry, 2012). Training and development: Training can increase the expertise of an employee whereas development of the employees always motivates them to give the highest outcome (Kehoe Wright, 2013). The development also helps to assess the opinions of the employees so that further step can be taken to prohibit any negative activity, that can arise due to the demotivation of the employees. Performance management: Performance management can involve reward recognition along with scaling of the performances of each employee. The best performer can be rewarded whereas the worst performer can be suggested for the developmental session. Compensation: Compensation can involve different backgrounds such as employees should require the compensation if the authorities have violated health and security acts or they have failed to provide the salary of the employee on time. Another aspect of compensating an employee is if he is forced to take the retirement against his will or the valid period. Compensating the employees sufficiently always reduce the rising of any disappointment and negative impression towards the company (Bratton Gold, 2012) Industrial relation: HRM must follow the industrial relations that also concern the v employment relationship. HRM associates are required to coordinate between these multidisciplinary fields. Occupational safety and health: HRM must make every necessary action ensure that employees are following the safety rules in their workplace while they can approach the authority to cooperate with the employees to give priority to the health and safety of the employees. HRM can avoid the negativity among employees if there are fewer occupational hazards present for the employees in the workplace (Cooper, Liu Tarba, 2014). Conclusion: Therefore, this assignment is relevant to understand the functional aspect of HRM. It has covered the impact of HRM on many dimensions of an organization those are essential to sustain over the negative practice in business. Reference list: Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.. Cooper, C. L., Liu, Y., Tarba, S. Y. (2014). Resilience, HRM practices and impact on organizational performance and employee well-being: International Journal of Human Resource Management 2015 Special Issue.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(17), 2466-2471. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), 366-391.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Essay Example
Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community Paper Arthur Miller, many lies have been made by the Puritan Community. The witch trials took place during the times of the Salem In Massachusetts. This was a time of much hypocrisy in the people of the town of Salem. The witch trials involved many people to lie about the devil and witchcraft, which also harmed others in many ways. The Puritans of Massachusetts were a religious faction. Miler involved the Intense dishonesty over the Puritan Community. The story began with the dancing of the girls In the forest. These girls were: Ball Williams, Tuba, and Betty Pearls. When the girls were seen they became scared and ran off. This Is what led to the uprising In the town. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. They believed In an unconditional election In which God has no obligation to save anyone, no matter how little the problem is. The Puritans use this during the witch trials in which they hanged many people that were innocent of witchcraft. These hangings happened because everyone believed everything the girls said and showed. People in the crowd seemed awe struck by the girls and their ability to view people as witches or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These hangings produced hysteria in the townspeople. In the story because of the dancing of the girls the priests of the town, Hale and Paris believed that the girls called the devil upon their town. Many people are accused of witch craft because of the girls. Abigail instigated her problems by lying, in order to avoid punishment and to remain an accepted member of the community. Author Miller described that she has, an endless capacity for dissembling. (9) She started out by trying to convince her uncle, Reverend Paris that she never participated in any acts of witchcraft. She deed an excuse for Betty, her cousin, who was lying unconscious in bed. She explained to Proctor, Oh, posh! We were dancing in the woods last night, and my uncle leaped in on us. She took fright, is all. (22) Mary Warren suggested that they confess everything so that they will Just get whipped rather than hung. When Abigail heard this, she said, Oh, well be Abigail said this because she was planning on saying or doing everything In her power to stay alive. When the girls supposedly brought Satan upon their town the people got frightened and the only way to get rid of the demons In the town Is through several hangings. The girls was the link between the people they could see Satan and the people that followed his work. Through the stories the girls lied about what they saw this should not have happened. The girls took their tear out on the people of the town and they did not even realize it. Salem Witch Trials and Puritan Community By Abyssinian Puritan Community. The witch trials took place during the times of the Salem in religious faction. Miler involved the intense dishonesty over the Puritan Community. The story began with the dancing of the girls in the forest. These girls were: Abigail Williams, Tuba, and Betty Pars. When the girls were seen they became scared and ran off. This is what led to the uprising in the town. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. They believed in an unconditional election in which God heard this, she said, Oh, well be whipped! (19) Abigail said this because she was planning on saying or doing everything in her power to stay alive. And the only way to get rid of the demons in the town is through several hangings. Not have happened. The girls took their fear out on the people of the town and they
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Ted Kennedy and the Chappaquiddick Accident
Ted Kennedy and the Chappaquiddick Accident Around midnight on the night of July 18-19, 1969, U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy had left a party and was driving his black Oldsmobile sedan when it went off a bridge and landed in Poucha Pond on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts. Kennedy survived the accident but his passenger, 28-year-old Mary Jo Kopechne, did not. Kennedy fled the scene and did not report the accident for nearly ten hours. Although Ted Kennedy was subjected to a subsequent investigation and proceedings, he was not charged with causing Kopechneââ¬â¢s death; a point that many contend was a direct result of Kennedy-family connections. The Chappaquiddick incident remained a scar on Ted Kennedyââ¬â¢s reputation and thus prevented him from making a serious run at becoming president of the United States. Ted Kennedy Becomes a Senator Edward Moore Kennedy, better known as Ted, graduated from the University of Virginia Law School in 1959 and then followed in his older brother Johnââ¬â¢s footsteps when he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts in November 1962. By 1969, Ted Kennedy was married with three children and was lining himself up to become a presidential candidate, just like his older brothers John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy had done before him. The events on the night of July 18-19 would change those plans. The Party Begins It had been just over a year since the assassination of US Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy; so Ted Kennedy and his cousin, Joseph Gargan, planned a small reunion for a few, select individuals who had worked on RFKââ¬â¢s campaign. The get-together was scheduled for Friday and Saturday, July 18-19, 1969, on the island of Chappaquiddick (located just to the east of Marthaââ¬â¢s Vineyard), coinciding with the areaââ¬â¢s annual sailing regatta.à The small get-together was to be a cookout with barbecued steaks, hors-doeuvres, and drinks held at a rented house called Lawrence Cottage. Kennedy arrived around 1 pm on July 18 and then raced in the regatta with his boat Victoria until about 6 pm. After checking into his hotel, the Shiretown Inn in Edgartown (on the island of Marthaââ¬â¢s Vineyard), Kennedy changed his clothes, crossed the channel that separated the two islands via a ferry, and arrived around 7:30 pm at the Cottage on Chappaquiddick. Most of the other guests arrived by 8:30 pm for the party. Among those at the party were a group of six young women known as the ââ¬Å"boiler room girls,â⬠as their desks had been located in the mechanical room of the campaign building. These young women had bonded during their experience on the campaign and looked forward to reuniting on Chappaquiddick. One of these young women was 28-year-old Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy and Kopechne Leave the Party Shortly after 11 pm, Kennedy announced his intentions to leave the party. His chauffeur, John Crimmins, was still finishing his dinner so, although it was extremely rare for Kennedy to drive himself, he asked Crimmins for the car keys, reportedly so he could leave on his own. Kennedy claimed that Kopechne asked him to give her a ride back to her hotel when he mentioned he was leaving. Ted Kennedy and Mary Jo Kopechne got into Kennedyââ¬â¢s car together; Kopechne told no one where she was going and left her pocketbook at the Cottage. The exact details of what happened next are largely unknown. After the incident, Kennedy stated that he thought he was heading toward the ferry; however, instead of turning left from the main road to head to the ferry, Kennedy had turned right, driving down the unpaved Dyke Road, which ended at a secluded beach. Along this road was the old Dyke Bridge, which did not contain a guardrail. Traveling approximately 20 miles per hour, Kennedy missed the slight turn to the left needed to make it safely onto and across the bridge. His 1967 Oldsmobile Delmont 88 went off the right side of the bridge and plunged into Poucha Pond, where it landed upside down in about eight to ten feet of water. Kennedy Flees the Scene Somehow, Kennedy was able to free himself from the vehicle and swim to shore, where he claimed that he called out for Kopechne. Per his description of events, Kennedy then made several attempts to reach her in the vehicle but soon exhausted himself. After resting, he walked back to the Cottage, where he asked for help from Joseph Gargan and Paul Markham. Gargan and Markham returned to the scene with Kennedy and made additional attempts to rescue Kopechne. When they were unsuccessful, they took Kennedy to the ferry landing and left him there, assuming he was going back to Edgartown to report the accident. Gargan and Markham returned to the party and did not contact the authorities because they believed Kennedy was about to do so. The Next Morning Later testimony by Ted Kennedy claims that instead of taking the ferry across the channel between the two islands (it had stopped working around midnight), he swam across. After eventually reaching the other side utterly exhausted, Kennedy walked to his hotel. He still did not report the accident. The next morning, around 8:00 am, Kennedy met Gargan and Markham at his hotel and told them that he hadnââ¬â¢t yet reported the accident because he ââ¬Å"somehow believed that when the sun came up and it was a new morning that what had happened the night before would not have happened and did not happen.â⬠* Even then, Kennedy did not go to the police. Instead, Kennedy returned to Chappaquiddick so that he could make a private phone call to an old friend, hoping to ask for advice. Only then did Kennedy take the ferry back to Edgartown and report the accident to the police, doing so just before 10 am (nearly ten hours after the accident). The police, however, already knew about the accident. Before Kennedy made his way to the police station, a fisherman had spotted the overturned car and contacted the authorities. At approximately 9 am, a diver brought Kopechneââ¬â¢s body to the surface. Kennedyââ¬â¢s Punishment and Speech One week after the accident, Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident. He was sentenced to two months in prison; however, the prosecution agreed to suspend the sentence upon the defense attorneyââ¬â¢s request based on Kennedyââ¬â¢s age and reputation for community service. That evening, July 25, 1969, Ted Kennedy delivered a brief speech that was televised nationally by several television networks. He began by sharing his reasons for being in Marthaââ¬â¢s Vineyard and noted that the only reason his wife did not accompany him was due to health issues (she was in the midst of a difficult pregnancy at that time; she later miscarried). He went on to share that there was no reason to suspect himself and Kopechne of immoral conduct, as Kopechne (and the other ââ¬Å"boiler room girlsâ⬠) were all of impeccable character. Kennedy also stated that the events surrounding the accident were somewhat cloudy; however, he distinctly recalled making specific efforts to save Kopechne, both alone and with the assistance of Garghan and Markham. Still, Kennedy himself described his inaction of not calling for the police immediately as ââ¬Å"indefensible.â⬠After relaying his take on the sequence of events that occurred that night, Kennedy stated that he was considering resigning from the U.S. Senate. He hoped the people of Massachusetts would give him advice and help him decide. Kennedy ended the speech by quoting a passage from John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s Profiles in Courage and then implored that he be able to move on and make further contributions to the well-being of society. Inquest and Grand Jury In January 1970, six months after the accident, an inquest into Mary Jo Kopechneââ¬â¢s death occurred, with Judge James A. Boyle presiding. The inquest was kept secret at the request of Kennedyââ¬â¢s lawyers. Boyle found Kennedy negligent of unsafe driving and could have provided support for a possible charge of manslaughter; however, the district attorney, Edmund Dinis, chose not to press charges. Findings from the inquest were released that spring. In April 1970, a grand jury was called to examine the events surrounding the night of July 18-19. The grand jury was advised by Dinis that there was not enough evidence to indict Kennedy on charges related to the incident. They did call four witnesses who had not testified previously; however, they ultimately decided not to indict Kennedy on any charges. After Effects of Chappaquiddick Aside from the tarnish on his reputation, the only immediate impact of this incident on Ted Kennedy was a temporary suspension of his driverââ¬â¢s license, ending in November 1970. This inconvenience would pale in comparison to the effects on his reputation. Kennedy, himself, noted shortly after the incident that he would not run for the Democratic nomination in the 1972 presidential election campaign as a result of the event. It is also believed by many historians to have prevented him from a run in 1976. In 1979, Kennedy began the motions towards challenging incumbent Jimmy Carter for the Democratic Party nomination. Carter selectively referenced the incident at Chappaquiddick and Kennedy ended up losing to him during the primary campaign. Senator Kennedy Despite a lack of momentum towards the office of president, Ted Kennedy was successfully reelected to the Senate seven more times. In 1970, one year after Chappaquiddick, Kennedy was reelected by winning 62% of the vote. Throughout his tenure, Kennedy was recognized as an advocate for the economically less fortunate, a supporter of civil rights, and a huge proponent of universal health care. He died in 2009 at the age of 77; his death the result of a malignant brain tumor. * Ted Kennedy as quoted in transcripts of the inquest on January 5, 1970 (p. 11)
Friday, November 22, 2019
Tips to Write a Conclusion for Research paper
Tips to Write a Conclusion for Research paper Tips to Write a Strong Research Paper Conclusion The conclusion is the core point of any paper assignment. A research paper is not an exception. In this paragraph, writers are supposed, to sum up, the information in the general work as well as highlight the key points, evidence and argumentations. Most students think that concluding a paper is hardly a challenge if compared with writing the assignment from scratch. However, it appears that a few authors can actually come up with a solid conclusion paragraph. The rest underestimate the role of this point and often take it less seriously than they should. It results in poor marks and grades. We are here to put an ease on the writing process and provide tips to let you make the paper flawless from any point of view. How to write a conclusion for research paper? Many students mistakenly think that conclusion is actually a summary of the paper. This fact is the evidence of their immaturity as authors. Professional writers pay much attention to the last abstract, as it may have the greatest influence on the reader. Although the essay itself contains useful information and evidence, conclusion brings them all to one place concentrating readersââ¬â¢ attention on the core aspects of your work. In other words, concluding the paper is much more than simply writing a summary. Follow our tips to create a flawless paper assignment. Always make notes Once you are done with the general paper, read it carefully. Make sure your pen or pencil is with you. Note down all the core issues and major aspects. Highlight the most important facts and try to clarify them to have an understanding of what you are going to summarize. Research and analyze Simply reading your own paper is not enough. You need to do the research and analyze all the aspects you want to describe in your final word. Analyze the issues you have written down. Define the most and less important ones. Do not overload your conclusion turning it into another huge paper. Read the conclusion Once you are done with the paragraph, read your conclusion very carefully. Is it clear and persuasive enough? Does it highlight the key aspects? Does it feature necessary writing style? If the answer is ââ¬Å"Yesâ⬠, your paper will certainly have an academic success.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Trokosi practice in Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Trokosi practice in Ghana - Essay Example By giving a daughter to live her life as a slave of the religious authorities of the tribes, families hoped to be spared punishment for their mistakes against the tribe in general or other specific people. The practice of trokosi is based on the superstitious foundation that every human action has a divine motivation. Effects on Society Trokosi is basically enacted to exact revenge on errant tribe members. The vestal virgins who are forced to become trokosis are their familiesââ¬â¢ sacrificial lambs. The crimes, in Ghanaian society, which traditionally called for the exacting on a trokosi stealing property and committing sexual assault (Xfm 95.1 NewsCenter, 2008). Essentially, the trokosi system of retribution merely punishes an innocent child for the crimes committed by a mature adult in her family. The trokosi system is based on intricate religious and cultural beliefs and practices that make it had, even in the modern world, to completely eradicate this practice. Slavery was re cognized in most ancient African societies, particularly in Ghana, as a normal institution of society. This practice, it is believed, was first brought in the seventeenth century into Ghana by the Ewe-speaking population that settled in the country. The trokosi system, then, was not really meant to destroy the lives of innocent children but was started to maintain law and order among the members of the tribe even as different changes in their surroundings began to weaken the leadership of the tribe. The changes called for stricter penalties to be visited upon errant members. It was essentially established to discourage people from committing crimes that would result in destabilizing the tribe. For instance, theft of cattle, which seems so trivial in modern society, might have resulted in the starvation of an entire family or clan back then. Also, in the seventeenth century, the Ewe speaking tribes would take liquor or farm animals from an errant community member. The practice of tak ing virgins to appease the anger of other community members as well as the gods would come much later. It actually came about as a result of the greed of the lustful and avaricious tribal priests who realized that cows would not bring as much pleasure as virgin girls who, along with bring physical benefits, could also provide sexual benefits. Today, this practice in which girls are forced to work as sexual slaves without any human affection or education being afforded them, is still prevalent in many Ghanaian tribes under different names. It is a remnant of the practice of slavery in a society that has embraced all other modernisms. Some Ghanaian families, particularly those that are in the lower income bracket, use this system to avoid punishment for serious problems that they cause in the society (Xfm 95.1 NewsCenter, 2008). For instant, a drunk man who decides to sexually molest the children of his neighbor can offer his daughter as compensation to the local tribal priest and thu s avoid being subjected to a court trial or imprisonment. So engrained is this practice in the psyche of Ghanaian mainstream society, that once such a pedophile offers his daughter, policemen will be reluctant to arrest him. The sacrificial daughter, once given to the service of the tribal priest, has to do anything and everything he asks of her for a number of years. The reality, however, is that after experiencing the benefits of such a relationship, most
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