Expectancy violations theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Expectancy violations theory - Research Paper Example In the context of communication, different theorists have developed their own opinions regarding functionality and definition of communication. Each theory is able to formulate unique viewpoints and thus making people aware about various aspects of communication. One such important theory in the field of communication is Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) (Burgoon et al., 1989). With this concern, this research paper discusses about various aspects of EVT by taking into concern its key concept, assumptions and major components. Moreover, the purpose of the research paper is to develop a worldview perspective and also to analyze the theory on the basis of Griffin’s standards. Theory Summary EVT has been developed by Judee Burgoon which concentrates on determining the importance of nonverbal communication. This theory establishes the significance of nonverbal messages and information processing for forming effective communication. The core concept of the theory is ‘persona l space’ expectations and reaction of people who breach the concept of expectation. ‘Personal space’ can differ on the basis of cultural standards and personal preferences. At times, violating the expectations with respect to personal space is considered as an effective strategy of communication (Burgoon et al., 1989). According to EVT theory, communication is the exchange of information which is considerably high in interpersonal content and can be used to interrupt the expectations of another. The expectations are mainly based on social customs and specific individualities of communicators. Further, the violation of expectations can encourage and force the recipients for making cognitive assessment of such act (Burgoon et al., 1989). EVT model suggests that nonverbal actions of others are adjudicated as communicators by senders along with receivers having certain expectancy. Violation of these expectations can intensify the salience of thoughts regarding the co rrespondents’ behaviour. There are five core components of EVT namely expectations, violations and stimulation, ‘communicator reward valence’, behaviour analysis and violation valence. EVT model tries to forecast and clarify fatal communication outcome such as desirability and encouragement along with macro level exchange patterns. According to EVT model, expectations comprise intellectual, emotional and conative elements that basically functions in the form of social customs and known characteristics of individuals. Burgoon also perceived that expectancies are subjected towards communicators’ characteristics, relationship and context. The context of EVT theory is based on culture and setting. On the other hand, relationship is dependent on liking and social status of people (Cleland, 2010). Concerning the aspects of violation and simulation, if a communicating individual violates the expectations by a certain degree, then this might strengthen the percept ion of the person who became violated. If such violation occurs in an organisational environment, for example, between managers and subordinates, the level of violation can cause the subordinates to pursue the reason for violation of the relationship. The ‘communicator reward valence’ can be duly considered as a primary component of EVT model, wherein the valence of violations can be

Advanced Fire Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Advanced Fire Administration - Essay Example This is because of the increase in population attributed to the dynamic nature of it and also the issue of developmental growth. Every city is expected to show some growth, and this growth must be maintained and planned parallel. In the first part of the paper, an overview is sampled on what is expected in five to ten years based on an expert view. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate how and the measures that are put in place during planning; these facts have a direct impact on how the city will be able to respond to disaster in the future. Also, to show how the administrative body will ensure infrastructures that are coming up are abiding to the planning regulation. Planning is the most essential element of any development, proper planning focus on the future outcome and incorporates the concept of growth, a city cannot remain static it must be dynamic either negatively or positively. Use of proper planning tools is essential because bad planning always leads to disorganised results that conflict with each other. The person that I interviewed is a county planner, his works entails planning for the future and he gave me an overview of what is expected in 5 to 10 years to come. A proper planner should focus on the future rather than the immediate situation. Population is dynamic and would not remain the same as today therefore in about five to ten years to come, the number of people living per square kilometre will have increased and so the urge of new resources. The current resources cannot be able to serve the number that was available at that time, so need to keep changing resources as the demand will go higher. Different measure has been incorporated that relate to fire management in case of a disaster. One of the measures that have been addressed in the plan is buying and upgrading the number of capabilities of fire responses. The higher the population the more the administrative body requires necessary